The 8 Principles of Training

Why would you want to know about the principles of training? Well, if you have ever wondered about which exercises to choose, how many repetitions and sets to perform, how much rest you should get, or how long it will take before you get in or out of shape, these are "road rules" you need.

These are 8 Principles of Training that I have found to be the need-to-know tools for designing weight training programs. They offer coaches research-supported guidelines that are tried and true in action.

Understanding these basic principles can help you evaluate the merits of fitness equipment and fitness services. Knowing how to apply the principles gives you a scientific basis on which you can make informed decisions for building a sports of fitness training program that gives you the best results.

1. The Principle of Specificity asserts that our bodies change according to whatever type of training we do. This principle implies how to target your training to match your goals.


2. The Principle of Overload teaches how to correctly increase weight loads for each lift, as well as for increasing your total workload for your weight training program.
3. The Principle of Recovery is a guide to how much time to rest between lifts and between weight training workouts. It helps us know how to speed up recovery and avoid overtraining.
4. The Principle of Variation teaches us to change the weight training program around to accelerate improvements and avoid getting stale or bored. The technique of periodization (training in phases or periods) follows the underlying concept of variation. See Phases of Training

Long Jumper Willye White

Five-time Olympic long jumper Willye White was greeted by children at the school for the deaf in Canton in 1975. The USA Team was the largest athletic group to enter the People's Republic of China after President Nixon opened relations three years prior. The theme of the tour was Friendship First, Competition Second.


5. The Principle of Transfer teaches us how weight training exercises can speed up the learning of sport skills, work skills, and other movements.
6. The Principle of Individualization helps you understand how to adjust your training program to fit your own unique qualities and situation. Also see Gender Differences
7. The Principle of Balance helps us find the appropriate mix of training exercises, overall training activities, and a healthy lifestyle. This principle is not to be confused with balance, the quality of fitness, although the same broad concept applies.
8. The Principle of Reversibility addresses the loss of fitness when you stop training. It gives guidance on what you lose and what you don't lose, and how to minimize detraining once you achieve your goals.
For examples of how the principles of training applied to my athletic experiences, see Training Principles Applied and Reversibility Principle Applied.

Tell us your own personal story at The Reversibility Principle and You!

index sitemap advanced
site search by freefind
Also see

Sports Training Adviser: Sports Training Principles

Knoxville Sports Performance Examiner



Top of Principles of Training

Back to Home Page


footer for principles of training page